Int J Clin Pediatr

International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, ISSN 1927-1255 print, 1927-1263 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Int J Clin Pediatr and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.theijcp.org

Original Article

Volume 6, Number 1-2, June 2017, pages 8-19

Lebanese Registry in the Management of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea in Children: Observational Study in Daily Practice

Figure 3. Baseline characteristics of the study population: (a) mean age; (b) gender distribution; (c) type of infection treated; (d) type of antibiotic administered. URTI: upper respiratory tract infection; LRTI: lower respiratory tract infection; UTI: urinary tract infection.

Figure 4. Probiotic prescriptions. Relative proportions of probiotics administered to enrolled subjects receiving such treatment.

Figure 5. Prevalence of diarrhea in the study population. (a) Proportion of patients classified as “high risk” by the evaluating physician. (b) The number of patients classified as “high risk” presenting with AAD throughout the study period. (c) The overall number of patients exhibiting AAD throughout the study period.

Figure 6. Incidence of diarrhea: (a) mean change in weigh; (b) number of patients experiencing diarrhea 24 h prior to follow-up.

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
Comparative factors	Probiotic prescribed	Probiotic not prescribed	P value
URTI: upper respiratory tract infection; LRTI: lower respiratory tract infections; UTI: urinary tract infections.
Patient demographics
Age (years)	3.48	± 2.39	3.49	± 2.40	0.958
Gender
Male	57	48.3%	58	48.3%	0.638
Female	61	51.7%	70	54.7%
Weight (kg)	16.85	± 7.63	16.6	± 7.03	0.863
Vital signs and clinical condition
Temperature (°C)	39.12	± 0.93	39.24	± 0.85	0.262
Heart rate (bpm)	97.42	± 16.08	98.08	± 14.35	0.752
High risk of developing diarrhea, as per physician’s evaluation	32	27.1%	8	6.3%	< 0.001
Disease characteristics (reason for antibiotic prescription)
Otitis	46	39.0%	51	39.8%	0.890
URTI	61	51.7%	51	39.8%	0.062
LRTI	13	11.0 %	24	18.8%	0.090
UTI	3	2.5%	2	1.6%	0.586
Other	6	5.1%	11	8.6%	0.278
Antibiotic prescription duration
Duration (days)	9.17	± 1.56	9.04	± 1.56	0.473
Class of antibiotic prescribed
Penicillins	76	64.4%	80	62.5%	0.601
Cephalosporins	33	28.0%	42	32.8%
Macrolides	6	5.1%	5	3.9%
Combinations	3	2.5%	1	0.8%

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants

Comparative factors

Probiotic prescribed

Probiotic not prescribed

P value

Mean/count

%/± SD

Mean/count

%/± SD

URTI: upper respiratory tract infection; LRTI: lower respiratory tract infections; UTI: urinary tract infections.

Patient demographics

Age (years)

3.48

± 2.39

3.49

± 2.40

0.958

Gender

Male

48.3%

0.638

Female

51.7%

54.7%

Weight (kg)

16.85

± 7.63

16.6

± 7.03

0.863

Vital signs and clinical condition

Temperature (°C)

39.12

± 0.93

39.24

± 0.85

0.262

Heart rate (bpm)

97.42

± 16.08

98.08

± 14.35

0.752

High risk of developing diarrhea, as per physician’s evaluation

27.1%

6.3%

< 0.001

Disease characteristics (reason for antibiotic prescription)

Otitis

39.0%

39.8%

0.890

URTI

51.7%

39.8%

0.062

LRTI

11.0 %

18.8%

0.090

UTI

2.5%

1.6%

0.586

Other

5.1%

8.6%

0.278

Antibiotic prescription duration

Duration (days)

9.17

± 1.56

9.04

± 1.56

0.473

Class of antibiotic prescribed

Penicillins

64.4%

62.5%

0.601

Cephalosporins

28.0%

32.8%

Macrolides

5.1%

3.9%

Combinations

2.5%

0.8%

**Table 2.** Prevalence of Probiotic Prescription and the Clinical Condition of Study Participants
	Method of treatment	P value
Number of subjects (%)	118(48%)	128 (52%)	-/-
Number of watery stools experienced by AAD afflicted patients 24 h prior to follow-up examination	3.65 ± 1.64	4.74 ± 2.61	0.100
Mean change in weight (kg)	+0.044 ± 0.255	-0.049 ± 0.394	0.253
Mean age of patients experiencing diarrhea	2.50 ± 1.65	3.71 ± 2.47	0.001

Table 2. Prevalence of Probiotic Prescription and the Clinical Condition of Study Participants

Method of treatment

P value

Probiotic prescribed

Probiotic not prescribed

Number of subjects (%)

118(48%)

128 (52%)

-/-

Number of watery stools experienced by AAD afflicted patients 24 h prior to follow-up examination

3.65 ± 1.64

4.74 ± 2.61

0.100

Mean change in weight (kg)

+0.044 ± 0.255

-0.049 ± 0.394

0.253

Mean age of patients experiencing diarrhea

2.50 ± 1.65

3.71 ± 2.47

0.001