| International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, ISSN 1927-1255 print, 1927-1263 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Int J Clin Pediatr and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website https://www.theijcp.org |
Original Article
Volume 12, Number 2, September 2023, pages 29-36
Preliminary Experience With a Continuous Lidocaine Infusion as an Analgesia Adjunct for Acute Pain Management Following Surgery in Pediatric Patients
Tables
| Variable | N (%) | Mean (range) | Median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| IQR: interquartile range; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists. | |||
| Age (years) | 13.8 (1, 21) | 14 (12, 16) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 65 (38.7%) | ||
| Female | 103 (61.3%) | ||
| Race | |||
| White | 137 (81.5%) | ||
| Black | 16 (9.5%) | ||
| Asian | 5 (3.0%) | ||
| Mixed race | 10 (6.0%) | ||
| Weight (kg) | 51.1 (6.9, 141.3) | 48.7 (36.8, 61.4) | |
| Height (cm) | 152.1 (58.2, 181.4) | 156.3 (146.4, 163.5) | |
| ASA physical class | |||
| I | 21 (12.5%) | ||
| II | 79 (47.0%) | ||
| III | 63 (37.5%) | ||
| IV | 5 (3.0%) | ||
| Variable | N (%) | Mean (range) | Median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| IQR: interquartile range. | |||
| Surgical procedure | |||
| Posterior spinal fusion | 142 (84.5%) | ||
| Other | 26 (15.5%) | ||
| Total anesthesia time (min) | 409.70 (76, 946) | 400 (345.5, 469.5) | |
| Total surgery time (min) | 288.54 (13, 800) | 281.5 (229.0, 343.8) | |
| Lidocaine infusion used intraoperatively | 148 (88.1%) | ||
| Number patients who received lidocaine bolus | 31 (18.5%) | ||
| Amount of lidocaine bolus (mg) | 53.5 (30, 100) | 50 (40, 60) | |
| Intraoperative starting dose rate (mg/kg/h) | 0.97 (0.5, 2) | ||
| Total lidocaine infusion time during procedure (min) | 329 (110, 627) | 327 (264, 382) | |
| Lidocaine infusion used postoperatively | 168 (100%) | ||
| Infusion rate (mg/kg/h) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (1, 1) | |
| Number of postoperative infusion days | |||
| One | 5 (2.98%) | ||
| Two | 43 (25.60%) | ||
| Three | 97 (57.74%) | ||
| Four | 14 (8.33%) | ||
| Five | 2 (1.19%) | ||
| Six | 3 (1.79%) | ||
| Seven | 1 (0.60%) | ||
| Eight | 1 (0.60%) | ||
| Ten | 1 (0.60%) | ||
| Twelve | 1 (0.60%) | ||
| Postoperative day | N | Pain score (mean, range) | Pain score (median, IQR |
|---|---|---|---|
| IQR: interquartile range. | |||
| Day 1 | 164 | 2.3 (0, 10) | 2.0 (0.5, 3.8) |
| Day 2 | 165 | 2.2 (0, 7.5) | 1.9 (0.9, 3.3) |
| Day 3 | 155 | 2.1 (0, 8) | 1.9 (0.6, 3.3) |
| Day 4 | 83 | 2.0 (0, 9.5) | 1.5 (0, 3.20) |
| Day 5 | 36 | 1.4 (0, 4.5) | 1.1 (0.3, 2.4) |
| Day 6 | 11 | 0.7 (0, 5.3) | 0 (0, 0.5) |
| Day 7 | 6 | 1.2 (0, 5) | 0.4 (0, 2.5) |
| Type of adverse event | N | Percentageb |
|---|---|---|
| aSome patients experienced more than one adverse event. bThe study cohort included 168 patients. | ||
| Blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness/difficult to arouse | 13 | 8.1% |
| Delirium, hallucinations, agitation, confusion | 10 | 6.2% |
| Nausea | 9 | 5.6% |
| Hypotension | 7 | 4.3% |
| Pruritus | 7 | 4.3% |
| Headache | 2 | 1.2% |
| Bradycardia | 2 | 1.2% |
| Myoclonus/muscle spasms | 2 | 1.2% |
| Hypertension | 1 | 0.6% |
| Breathing difficulties | 1 | 0.6% |
| Circumoral numbness | 1 | 0.6% |
| Bradypnea | 1 | 0.6% |
| Edema | 1 | 0.6% |
| Head bobbing | 1 | 0.6% |
| Constipation | 1 | 0.6% |
| High pain scores | 1 | 0.6% |
| Sore throat | 1 | 0.6% |
| Total | 61 | - |